by admin | Jun 6, 2015 | sem3
Internal Noise Electrical interference generated within a device or circuit itself. This is due to the functioning of active and passive component inside the device itself. Internal noise can be reduced by proper receiver design. Internal noise can be further...
by admin | Jun 6, 2015 | sem3
External Noise External Noise : It is external to the communication equipment like radio receiver ,television ,telephone ,etc… External nose are uncontrollable at a given geographical location. External noise can be further classified into three types as...
by admin | Jun 6, 2015 | sem3
Deadlock In a multi-process system, deadlock is an unwanted situation that arises in a shared resource environment, where a process indefinitely waits for a resource that is held by another process. For example, assume a set of transactions {T0, T1, T2, …,Tn}....
by admin | Jun 6, 2015 | sem3
Two Phase Commit Protocol Two-Phase Locking 2PL This locking protocol divides the execution phase of a transaction into three parts. In the first part, when the transaction starts executing, it seeks permission for the locks it requires. The second part is where the...
by admin | Jun 6, 2015 | sem3
Lock-based Protocols Database systems equipped with lock-based protocols use a mechanism by which any transaction cannot read or write data until it acquires an appropriate lock on it. Locks are of two kinds − Binary Locks − A lock on a data item can be in two states;...
by admin | Jun 6, 2015 | sem3
Concurrency Control In a multiprogramming environment where multiple transactions can be executed simultaneously, it is highly important to control the concurrency of transactions. We have concurrency control protocols to ensure atomicity, isolation, and...
