Phase Shift Keying

Phase Shift Keying Phase shift keying (PSK) is a digital modulation scheme that conveys data by changing, or modulating, the phase of a reference signal (the carrier wave). Any digital modulation scheme uses a finite number of distinct signals to represent digital...

Minimum Shift Keying

Minimum Shift Keying In digital modulation, minimum-shift keying (MSK) is a type of continuous-phase frequency-shift keying that was developed in the late 1950s and 1960s.Similar to OQPSK, MSK is encoded with bits alternating between quadrature components, with the Q...

Frequency Shift Keying

Frequency Shift Keying Frequency-shift keying (FSK) is a frequency modulation scheme in which digital information is transmitted through discrete frequency changes of a carrier wave.The simplest FSK is binary FSK (BFSK). BFSK uses a pair of discrete frequencies to...

Amplitude Shift Keying

Amplitude Shift Keying Amplitude-shift keying (ASK) is a form of amplitude modulation that represents digital data as variations in the amplitude of a carrier wave. In an ASK system, the binary symbol 1 is represented by transmitting a fixed-amplitude carrier wave and...

multimedia databases

multimedia databases In addition to the standard numeric, date and text data types, there are a number of data types that are regarded as the basic building blocks of MM applications. These data types, which are elements of more complex MM objects, are: text –...

Spatial databases

Spatial databases Spatial RDBMS is an RDBMS that can process spatial data. Popular RDBMSs, such as Oracle, offer their own Spatial RDBMS features or add-ons so that spatial data can be processed. Since each DBMS has a different architecture, it is difficult to show...