Internal Conversion

Internal Conversion Internal conversion is a transition from a higher to a lower electronic state in a molecule or atom. It is sometimes called “radiation less de-excitation”, because no photons are emitted. It differs from intersystem crossing in that,...

Quantum Efficiency

Quantum Efficiency The “quantum efficiency” (Q.E.) is the ratio of the number of carriers collected by the solar cell to the number of photons of a given energy incident on the solar cell. The quantum efficiency may be given either as a function of...

Lambert Beer Law

Lambert Beer Law   The Absorbance of a solution For each wavelength of light passing through the spectrometer, the intensity of the light passing through the reference cell is measured. This is usually referred to as Io – that’s I for Intensity. The...

Stark Einstein law

Stark Einstein law Stark Einstein law The Stark Einstein law is named after German-born physicists Johannes Stark and Albert Einstein, who independently formulated the law between 1908 and 1913. It is also known as the photochemical equivalence law or photoequivalence...

Grotthus-Draper law

Grotthus-Draper law The Grotthus–Draper law (also called the Principle of Photochemical Activation) states that only that light which is absorbed by a system can bring about a photochemical change. Materials such as dyes and phosphors must be able to absorb...

Laws of Photochemistry

Laws of Photochemistry The study of chemical reactions, isomerizations and physical behavior that may occur under the influence of visible and/or ultraviolet light is called Photochemistry. Two fundamental principles are the foundation for understanding photochemical...